What is a research paper? Generally speaking, the answer can be that it is a creative and original interpretation of your own search of knowledge related to a specific topic. A research paper is an essay but it is an expanded essay with  different aims that includes: to write an original piece of writing, to document all the sources that …

There are various kinds of research and they are classified in those classes on the basis of their application and usage. Pure research The aim of the pure or basic research is to find knowledge for the sake of further knowledge that can then be applied to the general audience. The findings of pure research cannot be applied to the …

Choosing the topic for your research paper is perhaps the most daunting task because it effects every stage of research. Novice researchers quite often cannot forecast the disappointment they might go through in case they did not make a good choice. The researcher needs to go through several stages of brainstorming, reflecting and pondering before reaching to the final topic. …

Concepts and variables are mental images; concepts are highly subjective and cannot be measured unless they are operationalized while variables can be measured on one of the statistical scales. to understand concepts and variables let’s read about them in detail. What are concepts? Concepts are highly subjective in nature and that makes it difficult to use them as they are …

Why write a literature review in research? Every student thinks about this question at least once, what are the benefits of writing a literature review?  Before writing the literature review one must understand the significance of reviewing the literature and writing it in your research paper. The significance of the literature review is twofold, it benefits you a lot as …

On the basis of the reference period, the study designs can be categorized into retrospective, prospective and retrospective-prospective study designs Retrospective The aim behind retrospective study design is to study some event, phenomenon or situation that has been happened previously. There are only two ways to collect data for a retrospective study: either the investigator collects information from written evidence like from books, magazines, …

On the basis of the nature of the investigation, the study designs can be classified into three types of studies: Experimental study design Non-experimental study design Semi-experimental or quasi-design The experimental study design The experimental study design is one of the most commonly used study design in the social science, psychology, marketing, business, and education. There are many types of …

The placebo design in research is a type of experimental study design. The aim of a placebo design in research is to know the effectiveness of a program or treatment through the use of a placebo group. A placebo group usually get an ineffective treatment or no treatment; for example, in one experiment the experimenter gives the treatment pills to …

Cohort studies are conducted based on some common characteristics among the population. Cohort studies are conducted just like longitudinal study except that the target population in the cohort studies share some common characteristics. The common characteristic can be any factor like age, employment, marriage, education year, fertility behavior or other demographics. A cohort study can be conducted like a cross-sectional …

The number of contacts with the study population is a good way to define the types of study designs. On the basis of the number of contacts with the study population the study design can be classified into three types: Cross-sectional studies Longitudinal studies Before-and-after studies Types of study designs The cross-sectional study design The cross-sectional study design is most …